156 10 2124 https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/38/5251/Plot197-John_Costa.jpg df9e2c3911bcf05ac68b0cf0b6a12109 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Concord Reformatory Cemetery Illustrations Subject The topic of the resource Concord Reformatory, Concord, Massachusetts Description An account of the resource Illustrations representative of the lives of the men buried in Concord Reformatory Cemetery. The illustrations are from Lisa Kennedy's book, "Naming the Unnamed". Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Lisa Kennedy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Prison Outreach Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available William Munroe Special Collections, Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Concord Prison Outreach Massachusetts Department of Corrections William Munroe Special Collections, Concord Free Public Library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Concord Reformatory Cemetery Illustration Plot 197: John Evangelista Costa Subject The topic of the resource Concord Reformatory Cemetery Concord, Massachusetts Costa, John Evangelista Acosta, Juan Description An account of the resource An illustration representative of the life of John Evangelista Costa. The illustration is featured in Lisa Kennedy's book, "Naming the Unnamed", about the men buried in the Concord Reformatory Cemetery. Illustration by Xinyue Zheng. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Professional Illustration for the Community, Massachusetts College of Art and Design, 2217 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Lisa Kennedy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Xinyue Zheng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available William Munroe Special Collections, Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Concord Prison Outreach Massachusetts Department of Corrections William Munroe Special Collections, Concord Free Public Library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/23a35f7c4256fd2852f2bbfd0f8510fb.jpeg a1793b3d51699d308ecc73513942a5a0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Engraved portrait of William Emerson Subject The topic of the resource William Emerson Description An account of the resource William Emerson—son of Concord’s Revolutionary minister and father of its Transcendental philosopher—was born in Concord in 1769, in the Block House (which then stood on the present site of the Middlesex Savings Bank, and now stands at 57 Lowell Road), before his parents moved to the Manse. He graduated from Harvard College in 1789, was settled as minister over the church in Harvard, Massachusetts, in 1792, and in 1799 became pastor of the First Church in Boston. In 1796, Emerson married Ruth Haskins (1768-1853), daughter of successful Boston merchant John Haskins, a cooper and distiller. Their eight children were: Phebe Ripley (1798-1800); John Clarke (1799-1807); William (1801-1868); Ralph Waldo (1803-1882); Edward Bliss (1805-1834); Robert Bulkeley (1807-1859); Charles Chauncy (1808-1836); and Mary Caroline (1811-1814). William and Ruth Emerson paid careful attention to both the religious and the intellectual development of their children. William, a liberal minister with a taste for literature, encouraged scholarship as well as religious devotion in his sons. He was a sociable man, well-respected in his community. His public position brought frequent visitors to the Emerson home. Ruth Haskins Emerson was a pious woman who met the various demands made upon her as the wife of a prominent man and as a mother. Ralph Waldo Emerson’s world was radically altered in 1811, when his father died, leaving Mrs. Emerson to support and raise the young family on her own. In a letter written to his brother William on February 10, 1850, Emerson recorded what little he could remember of their father, and his assessment of the man’s talents: “I was eight years old when he died, & only remember a somewhat social gentleman, but severe to us children, who twice or thrice put me in mortal terror by forcing me into the salt water off some wharf or bathing house … I have never heard any sentence or sentiment of his repeated by Mother or Aunt, and his printed or written papers, as far as I know, only show candour & taste, or I should almost say, docility, the principal merit possible to that early ignorant & transitional Month-of-March, in our New England culture. His literary merits really are that he fostered the Anthology & the Athenaeum. These things ripened into Buckminster Channing & Everett.” Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cabot's Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1812 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All Materials Courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Emerson First Parish William Emerson https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/21/2028/56e8cd9de411784922e690bce86067b5.jpeg d7e1d9fb1a884a3e4113813f2bf707eb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Carte de visite photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photograph of Ralph Waldo Emerson Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource In the 1840s, Emerson encouraged a number of young men in whom he saw literary promise, Henry Thoreau, Ellery Channing, Jones Very, and Charles King Newcomb among them. As editor of The Dial, he was in a position to give exposure to the work of unknowns who might otherwise not have had opportunity for publication. Through Emerson’s agency, Newcomb’s “The First Dolon”—part of his “The Two Dolons. From the Ms. Symphony of Dolon”—appeared in the issue for July, 1842. Charles King Newcomb (1820-1894) was raised in relative affluence by a doting mother after his father’s death in 1825. He graduated from Brown University in 1837. From 1841 to 1845 he boarded at Brook Farm, and from 1845 to 1865 lived primarily in Providence. He joined the Tenth Rhode Island Volunteers in 1862 and was sent to defend Washington from possible Confederate attack. He lived in Philadelphia from 1866 to 1871, in Europe from 1871 until his death in Paris in 1894. Newcomb was a diarist, an admirer of Swedenborgian philosophy and at the same time of the trappings of Catholicism, a poet, and a protégé and correspondent of Margaret Fuller as well as of Emerson. His “First Dolon” was his only published work. Emerson first met Charles King Newcomb in Providence in 1840. After he began to edit The Dial, he corresponded with Newcomb, urging him to submit pieces for publication and to visit Concord. In his letters to the young man, he presented an enticing picture of Concord as a place of charming natural appeal, enlivened by the comings and goings of a variety of interesting people. He wrote of Margaret Fuller, Henry Thoreau, Elizabeth Hoar, Bronson Alcott, Caroline Sturgis, Elizabeth Peabody, George Bradford, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edmund Hosmer, and Ellery Channing. Newcomb visited the Emersons in Concord on June 19, 1842. Although the two remained in contact, Emerson’s enthusiasm for Newcomb cooled over time. By 1848, he referred to him as “the spoiled child of culture.” Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Undated Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Emerson https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/38b494da2362162002f5411644d954dc.jpeg 6a9810fda89a551e5faac28f3755b422 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elizabeth Hoar Subject The topic of the resource Elizabeth Hoar Description An account of the resource Emerson regarded Elizabeth Hoar (1814-1878) as a member of his family as well as of the thoughtful circle of individuals drawn to his home for discussion and friendship. She was the daughter of lawyer Samuel Hoar and sister of Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar (lawyer, judge, Massachusetts senator, Attorney General of the United States in the cabinet of President Ulysses S. Grant, representative in the United States Congress, and Emerson’s friend), of George Frisbie Hoar (lawyer and representative and senator in Congress), and Edward Sherman Hoar (Thoreau’s friend and traveling companion). Educated at the old Concord Academy, she was learned—a proficient Greek scholar—and a woman of powerful intellect, deep religious sensibility, and reform sympathies. Elizabeth Hoar was close to many with whom Emerson associated. An intimate of the Thoreaus, Channings, and Hawthornes, she was a friend of Elizabeth Peabody and Margaret Fuller (whose Boston conversation series she attended), of Fuller’s brother Richard, Caroline Sturgis (later Tappan), and Anna Barker (Ward). While abroad, she met Thomas Carlyle and other literary people whom Emerson knew from his European trips. In 1833, Charles Chauncy Emerson—Waldo’s younger brother, a lawyer—and Elizabeth Hoar became engaged. Charles managed Sam Hoar’s Concord law office while the Squire served in Washington as a representative in Congress, beginning in 1835. The couple made plans to marry in September, 1836. The Emersons renovated their home in anticipation of the newlyweds living with them. Emerson and Elizabeth Hoar were both dealt a severe personal blow in May, 1836, when Charles died of tuberculosis. Elizabeth continued to live in her parents’ Main Street home. Emerson expressed the profound respect he felt for Elizabeth Hoar many times—for example, in a letter he wrote her on November 23, 1839: “Where is my letter to which I give you fair challenge? You are a sovereign woman & shall do as you choose, but in some hour of benevolence you may remember those who are bound in the bonds of analyzing the Age. I do not wish to know the opinions of celeb[ra]ted reformers or celebrated conversers, or indeed of celebrated leaders of either sex. They are all officers & through their lips I hear always Mr Million speak. But you are queen of yourself & in your privacy & detachment possess a superiority to which we must all defer. Always I gladly hear what you say as the sentence of an intelligent umpire, and, so pedantic are my habits, should gladlier read what you write.” Although the opportunity to become a member of the Emerson family was denied to Elizabeth Hoar, Emerson confided in her throughout their lives and referred to her as his sister. His mother, Lidian, and the Emerson children all felt deep, abiding affection for her. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Undated Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Public Library Concord Emerson Hoar https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/710591db5fe402ff47f6323d2755e55a.jpeg 4fdccf5bca6f6322e3aea32b216ff94f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bronson Alcott Subject The topic of the resource Bronson Alcott Description An account of the resource Educator, philosopher, lecturer, poet, essayist, diarist, and reformer Amos Bronson Alcott (1799-1888) was Emerson’s close friend for more than forty-five years. Emerson valued Alcott from their first acquaintance. Long after he had realized Alcott’s impracticality, he was still invigorated by the man’s idealism. Judging Alcott a “world-builder” and “Genius,” Emerson wrote Margaret Fuller in May, 1837: “ … he has more of the godlike than any man I have ever seen and his presence rebukes & threatens & raises. He is a teacher. I shall dismiss for the future all anxiety about his success. If he cannot make intelligent men feel the presence of a superior nature the worse for them—I can never doubt him. His Ideal is beheld with such unrivalled distinctness, that he is not only justified but necessitated to condemn & to seek to upheave the vast Actual and cleanse the world.” Even though he was sometimes skeptical of the efforts into which Alcott threw his energies, Emerson supported him emotionally and often financially through periods of turmoil and despondency. Born at Spindle Hill near Walcott, Connecticut, Alcott was largely self-educated. As a young man, he made his living as a peddler in New York and Pennsylvania. He traveled south, where he observed slavery first-hand. In 1823, he began teaching in Connecticut, in 1828 moved to Boston, and in 1830 married Abigail May. The couple moved to the Philadelphia area, where their first two daughters, Anna and Louisa, were born. Back in Boston in 1834, Alcott—with the help of educator and reformer Elizabeth Palmer Peabody—established a progressive school in the Masonic Temple building. At the Temple School, rather than attempting to impose knowledge on his students, he employed the Socratic conversational method to draw from them the spiritual and moral truth that he felt they possessed innately. With Elizabeth Peabody and (later) Margaret Fuller as his assistants, he operated the school until 1838. Its closing was forced by the withdrawal of students by parents alarmed at his teaching methods and at some of the subjects he broached. The publication of Alcott’s Conversations with Children on the Gospels (1836-1837)—Alcott’s edited record of his dialogues with his pupils—had made him a target for criticism. In 1840, Alcott moved his wife and growing family into the “Dovecote,” a Hosmer family cottage in Concord. His plan was to support the family by farming and day labor. Emerson paid Edmund Hosmer the rent. That year, his “Orphic Sayings”—described by Emerson as “a string of Apothegms”—appeared in The Dial. Emerson had mixed feelings about them,” but nevertheless found merit in some, and felt they should be published. On April 8, 1840, he wrote Margaret Fuller of the “Orphic Sayings,” “ … what he read me this P.M. are not very good. I fear he will never write as well as he talks.” Late in 1840 and into early 1841, the Emersons gave some thought to having the Alcotts live with them, but—probably for the best—nothing came of the idea. In January, 1841, Alcott was jailed for nonpayment of his poll tax, a form of protest against slavery for which Thoreau also was later jailed. In 1842, Alcott traveled to England, where he found support for his educational theories. The trip was financed largely by Emerson. Alcott returned to America with reformer Charles Lane, with whom he founded Fruitlands, a utopian community in Harvard, Massachusetts, in 1843. The Alcotts moved there in June. The Fruitlands experiment focused on manual labor, vegetarianism, religious harmony, education, and the balanced development of the individual. Relying on highly idealistic, relatively ineffective methods of farming, the reformers found it difficult to sustain the community, in consequence of which Mrs. Alcott and her children suffered considerable hardship. Moreover, Lane’s subordination of individual to community did not sit well with Bronson Alcott’s Transcendental individualism and conflicted with the needs of his family. The Alcotts left Fruitlands in January, 1844. Bronson was deeply depressed over its failure. In 1845, partly with funding provided by Emerson, the Alcotts bought a house in Concord, on Lexington Road. They called it Hillside. (Later, under Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ownership, it would be renamed Wayside.) Alcott made repairs and improvements to the old place and, together with Thoreau, built Emerson a Gothic summerhouse. The Alcotts remained at Hillside until 1848, when they moved to Boston, where Bronson offered conversational series and Abba did missionary work among the urban poor. They returned to Concord in 1857 and settled in the Orchard House. Bronson’s particular talents were locally recognized between 1859 and 1865, when he served Concord as Superintendent of Schools. In the mid-1850s, Alcott began to make conversational tours out west and to receive some of the positive public attention that had eluded him. He wrote and published volumes of prose and verse, including Emerson (1865). The success of his daughter Louisa as a popular author finally provided some financial stability for the family. Bronson Alcott founded the Concord School of Philosophy in 1879. Held summers between 1879 and 1888, the school was managed with the assistance of Frank Sanborn and William Torrey Harris, who ran it after Alcott suffered a debilitating stroke in 1882. In 1884—two years after Emerson’s death—the program of lectures was devoted in part to Emerson’s thought and work. Alcott died in 1888. Emerson never lost his appreciation of the best in Alcott. He wrote of Alcott in a letter to Emily Mervine Drury on November 23, 1853: “ … there are few persons so well worth seeing. I am very sensible of the defects of his genius & character, but he is a rare piece of nature, and is a man who stands in poetic relations to his friends & to the whole world.” Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Undated Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Bronson Alcott Concord Emerson https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/27cf220c9a4479bbcddb39369ac3dbb2.jpeg f83fc89da059321ad7c981da1329ad22 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charles King Newcomb Subject The topic of the resource Charles King Newcomb Description An account of the resource “ … I wish you to know that I have Dolon in black & white, & that I account Charles K a true genius: his writing fills me with joy, so simple so subtle & so strong is it. There are sentences in Dolon worth the printing the Dial that they may go forth."—RWE to Margaret Fuller, June 9, 1842 “Charles Newcomb … proves the rich possibilities in the soil, tho’ his result is zero.”—RWE to Caroline Sturgis Tappan, October 13, 1857 “Thanks for your note … & for the surprising news of St. Charles—I had thought he would content himself with dreaming, that is creating his Europe, without descending to the vulgar method of eyes. But he actually went to war, & why not now to London? But being there, I doubt his early return. Nothing but bad news from his bankers would bring him home, him for whom old civilization has an endless charm, & America onl[y] a solitude.”—RWE to Benjamin B. Wiley, December 29, 1871 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Undated Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Emerson Newcomb https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/ce66f277320ed1563903a2d30124d788.jpeg 388bb4195ed08c312c90a26ec6d66191 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elizabeth Palmer Peabody Subject The topic of the resource Elizabeth Palmer Peabody Description An account of the resource Elizabeth Palmer Peabody (1804-1894) devoted her long and full life to the expression of Transcendental idealism in a variety of forms. Greatly admired by some of her contemporaries as a model of passionate commitment, she was dismissed by others as meddlesome and absent-minded. Abolitionist minister Theodore Parker praised her as “a woman of most astonishing powers … many-sidedness and largeness of soul … rare qualities of head and heart … A good analyst of character, a free spirit, kind, generous, noble.” Margaret Fuller, on the other hand, was impatient with Peabody’s inattention to detail, and Emerson—who admired much about her—could not keep himself from commenting on her careless grooming. Novelist Henry James caricatured her mercilessly as Miss Birdseye in The Bostonians (1886). Teacher and educational reformer, founder of the kindergarten in America, abolitionist, opponent of European autocratic despotism, friend of political refugees, advocate of Native American rights and education, of woman’s suffrage, and of world peace, Peabody worked unceasingly toward the improvement of society. In the 1840s, she ran a circulating library and bookstore at 13 West Street in Boston, providing the Transcendentalists with volumes of foreign literature and philosophy. Margaret Fuller conducted some of her conversations at 13 West Street, and the Brook Farm utopian community was planned there. Moreover, Peabody was a publisher at a time when few women were involved in that business. She published Emancipation by Dr. William Ellery Channing (her mentor), several volumes by Hawthorne, two of the four volumes of The Dial, and the short-lived journal Aesthetic Papers (1849), which included the first appearance in print of Thoreau’s “Resistance to Civil Government” (“Civil Disobedience”). Peabody was also a gifted linguist, familiar with some dozen languages, and a prolific writer on education, reform, language, history, art, and other topics. Sister-in-law of Nathaniel Hawthorne, who married her sister Sophia in 1842, and of educational reformer Horace Mann, who married her sister Mary in 1843, she associated with all in Emerson’s Transcendental circle. In the late 1830s, she visited the Emersons in Concord, and later lived here during two periods of her life (with her widowed sister Mary Mann from 1859, and with her brother Nathaniel from 1878). Peabody’s most lasting impact was as a teacher and educational reformer. Sharing Bronson Alcott’s belief that education is a matter of drawing out inner knowledge (particularly moral and spiritual), she was involved in a number of innovative educational ventures, culminating in the establishment of the kindergarten in America from 1859. In 1832, she held the first of her “reading parties,” or “conferences,” for women. The sessions consisted of reading, lecture, and dialogue on a chosen topic. Margaret Fuller later applied this interactive process in her conversation series. From 1834 to 1836, Peabody served as Alcott’s assistant at the Temple School in Boston. Her Record of a School, prepared from her manuscript notes on Alcott’s dialogues with his students, was published in 1835. Alcott’s two-volume Conversations with Children on the Gospels (1836-1837) was edited by Alcott from Peabody’s notes. In the 1850s, she promoted the teaching of history through color-coded chronological grid charts introduced by Josef Bem, and lived and taught at the Raritan Bay Union in Eagleswood, New Jersey, one of the cooperative communities that sprang up in the mid-19th century. In 1859, Peabody took up the most significant educational work of her life, the promotion of early childhood education as pioneered by German educator Friedrich Froebel, who had worked with very young children and formulated an approach based on organized play, the use of the hands and the senses, and involvement with nature. Peabody established the first formally organized American kindergarten in America in 1860, and for the rest of her life worked with missionary zeal to advance the cause. In the classroom, in the Foreign Library, and in her efforts on behalf of oppressed groups and individuals, Elizabeth Peabody demonstrated determination to bring reality in line with philosophy, in essence forging an applied version of Emerson’s Transcendentalism. Although he did not take Elizabeth Peabody as seriously as he did Margaret Fuller, Emerson nevertheless recognized her intellectual gifts. He wrote of her in one of his notebooks: “A wonderful literary head, with extraordinary rapidity of association, and a methodising faculty which enabled her to weave surprising theories very fast, & very finely, from slight materials. Of another sex, she would have been a first-rate academician; and, as it was, she had the ease & scope & authority of a learned professor or high literary celebrity in her talk. I told her I thought she ought to live a thousand years, her schemes of study & the necessities of reading which her inquiries implied, required so much.” Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Undated Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Elizabeth Palmer Peabody Emerson https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/e4658194b318ab6c0928c120b3cf52ce.jpeg 36450dbad8018026c59747c7213a50e7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Concord's Town Hall Subject The topic of the resource Concord Description An account of the resource Concord welcomed Hungarian patriot Kossuth in its Town Hall (now called the Town House), which was then a new building. Constructed in 1851/52, the Town Hall held a large meeting area for lectures, social gatherings, and entertainments, as well as the municipal offices and the Concord Town Library (the town’s first public library). Local groups and individuals paid for the use of the hall. Some of Concord’s most important 19th century reform gatherings—notably John Brown’s speeches here in 1857 and 1859—were held in this building. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1875 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Town House https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/30276d0f646bc65e72a6f4937a7905d2.jpeg 2c955f9728add6ddf2c67a55b0e772c2 https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/0caab104e5e1375601f2f9df5e1c6135.jpeg a9304c344169b03330ded835391f3b0f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Brown in Concord Subject The topic of the resource John Brown Description An account of the resource During the 1850s, Kansas was a hotbed of conflict. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 left the question of whether or not slavery would be allowed in Kansas to be decided by settlers of the territory, abrogating the Missouri Compromise of 1820. For a time, Kansas had two governments, one that permitted and one that outlawed slavery. As abolitionist and proslavery settlers clashed, lives and property were lost. In 1855, militant abolitionist John Brown went to Kansas and threw himself into keeping Kansas free by any available means, armed violence included. Emerson supported the cause of a free Kansas. He attended meetings in Concord and elsewhere to aid antislavery settlers, and spoke in Cambridge at a Kansas relief meeting in Cambridge on September 10, 1856. In 1857 and 1859, when John Brown came to Concord, Emerson welcomed him into his home. Frank Sanborn, who ran a progressive coeducational school on Sudbury Road, was deeply involved in raising money for Kansas relief and for Brown’s forces. Brown came to Concord because of Sanborn. When Brown spoke in Concord’s Town Hall in March of 1857, Emerson was impressed by his fierce commitment to his righteous cause. In May of 1859, planning an armed slave uprising, Brown returned to Concord and spoke again at the Town Hall. Five months later, he led an ill-fated raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. He was tried, found guilty, and executed on December 2nd. Thoreau, Alcott, and Emerson—all of whom had been in Brown’s audience in May—participated in the service held in Concord on the day of his execution. After Brown’s arrest, Emerson spoke at meetings to raise money for his destitute family. After his execution, both Emerson and—even more vigorously—Thoreau promoted the image of John Brown as a saint and a martyr rather than the fanatic that many felt he had been. In February of 1860, Frank Sanborn arranged to bring Anne and Sarah Brown, two of John Brown’s children, to Concord to attend his school. When they arrived here, the Brown girls stayed with the Emersons. In the February 20, 1860 letter shown here, Annie Keyes Bartlett writes her brother Edward Jarvis Bartlett (“Ned”) of their arrival at the Emerson house. Annie and Ned were two of the nine children of Dr. Josiah Bartlett, who practiced medicine in Concord for fifty-seven years. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public LIbrary Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1859 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Emerson John Brown https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/04cd6ddcdef6c29ded5a810e8675a77c.jpeg bf2849fbb85a3423b76a9c1ab81a2519 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Concord Center Subject The topic of the resource Concord, MA Description An account of the resource This photograph of Concord Center shows the prominently positioned Jonas Hastings house—where the Thoreaus lived from 1823 to 1826—at the corner of Main and Walden (at the right, with four chimneys and a fence). When the photograph was taken, the Hastings corner projected out into what is now part of Main Street. The house was set back in the early 1870s to allow the widening of Main Street in preparation for the opening of the newly-constructed Concord Free Public Library in 1873. The Hastings house was ultimately taken down to make way for the business block put up by pharmacist John C. Friend in 1892. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 1865 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord