4 10 2124 https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/ce66f277320ed1563903a2d30124d788.jpeg 388bb4195ed08c312c90a26ec6d66191 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elizabeth Palmer Peabody Subject The topic of the resource Elizabeth Palmer Peabody Description An account of the resource Elizabeth Palmer Peabody (1804-1894) devoted her long and full life to the expression of Transcendental idealism in a variety of forms. Greatly admired by some of her contemporaries as a model of passionate commitment, she was dismissed by others as meddlesome and absent-minded. Abolitionist minister Theodore Parker praised her as “a woman of most astonishing powers … many-sidedness and largeness of soul … rare qualities of head and heart … A good analyst of character, a free spirit, kind, generous, noble.” Margaret Fuller, on the other hand, was impatient with Peabody’s inattention to detail, and Emerson—who admired much about her—could not keep himself from commenting on her careless grooming. Novelist Henry James caricatured her mercilessly as Miss Birdseye in The Bostonians (1886). Teacher and educational reformer, founder of the kindergarten in America, abolitionist, opponent of European autocratic despotism, friend of political refugees, advocate of Native American rights and education, of woman’s suffrage, and of world peace, Peabody worked unceasingly toward the improvement of society. In the 1840s, she ran a circulating library and bookstore at 13 West Street in Boston, providing the Transcendentalists with volumes of foreign literature and philosophy. Margaret Fuller conducted some of her conversations at 13 West Street, and the Brook Farm utopian community was planned there. Moreover, Peabody was a publisher at a time when few women were involved in that business. She published Emancipation by Dr. William Ellery Channing (her mentor), several volumes by Hawthorne, two of the four volumes of The Dial, and the short-lived journal Aesthetic Papers (1849), which included the first appearance in print of Thoreau’s “Resistance to Civil Government” (“Civil Disobedience”). Peabody was also a gifted linguist, familiar with some dozen languages, and a prolific writer on education, reform, language, history, art, and other topics. Sister-in-law of Nathaniel Hawthorne, who married her sister Sophia in 1842, and of educational reformer Horace Mann, who married her sister Mary in 1843, she associated with all in Emerson’s Transcendental circle. In the late 1830s, she visited the Emersons in Concord, and later lived here during two periods of her life (with her widowed sister Mary Mann from 1859, and with her brother Nathaniel from 1878). Peabody’s most lasting impact was as a teacher and educational reformer. Sharing Bronson Alcott’s belief that education is a matter of drawing out inner knowledge (particularly moral and spiritual), she was involved in a number of innovative educational ventures, culminating in the establishment of the kindergarten in America from 1859. In 1832, she held the first of her “reading parties,” or “conferences,” for women. The sessions consisted of reading, lecture, and dialogue on a chosen topic. Margaret Fuller later applied this interactive process in her conversation series. From 1834 to 1836, Peabody served as Alcott’s assistant at the Temple School in Boston. Her Record of a School, prepared from her manuscript notes on Alcott’s dialogues with his students, was published in 1835. Alcott’s two-volume Conversations with Children on the Gospels (1836-1837) was edited by Alcott from Peabody’s notes. In the 1850s, she promoted the teaching of history through color-coded chronological grid charts introduced by Josef Bem, and lived and taught at the Raritan Bay Union in Eagleswood, New Jersey, one of the cooperative communities that sprang up in the mid-19th century. In 1859, Peabody took up the most significant educational work of her life, the promotion of early childhood education as pioneered by German educator Friedrich Froebel, who had worked with very young children and formulated an approach based on organized play, the use of the hands and the senses, and involvement with nature. Peabody established the first formally organized American kindergarten in America in 1860, and for the rest of her life worked with missionary zeal to advance the cause. In the classroom, in the Foreign Library, and in her efforts on behalf of oppressed groups and individuals, Elizabeth Peabody demonstrated determination to bring reality in line with philosophy, in essence forging an applied version of Emerson’s Transcendentalism. Although he did not take Elizabeth Peabody as seriously as he did Margaret Fuller, Emerson nevertheless recognized her intellectual gifts. He wrote of her in one of his notebooks: “A wonderful literary head, with extraordinary rapidity of association, and a methodising faculty which enabled her to weave surprising theories very fast, & very finely, from slight materials. Of another sex, she would have been a first-rate academician; and, as it was, she had the ease & scope & authority of a learned professor or high literary celebrity in her talk. I told her I thought she ought to live a thousand years, her schemes of study & the necessities of reading which her inquiries implied, required so much.” Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Undated Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Elizabeth Palmer Peabody Emerson https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/3603f051d95395e5890f862a97b66ddd.jpeg 56d611a9a9d3a1d8338bb572d8bedec1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Margaret Fuller Subject The topic of the resource Margaret Fuller Description An account of the resource Emerson’s relationship with Margaret Fuller (1810-1850)—writer, conversationalist, journalist, feminist, social reformer, and original editor of The Dial—was complex. The two met in August of 1835. When Fuller first stayed in Concord with the Emersons in 1836, Emerson responded to the qualities that so distinguished her. He wrote to his brother William on August 8, 1836, “An accomplished lady is staying with Lidian now[,] Miss Margaret Fuller … She is quite an extraordinary person for her apprehensiveness her acquisitions & her powers of conversation. It is always a great refreshment to see a very intelligent person. It is like being set in a large place. You stretch your limits & dilate to your utmost size.” Fuller visited the Emersons frequently in the 1830s and early 1840s, sometimes staying for weeks at a time. She and Emerson corresponded as well, with particular frequency in 1839 and 1840. There is no doubt that Emerson appreciated and benefited from Fuller’s learning, brilliance in conversation, sense of humor, and affectionate nature. Elizabeth Hoar commented on Fuller’s influence on him, “ … her power of bringing out Mr. Emerson has doubled my enjoyment of that blessing to be in one house and room with him.” At several points, Emerson expressed the hope that Fuller would live in Concord and help create the ideal intellectual community he envisioned. But he also had difficulty in dealing with her intensity and her demands for intellectual and personal reassurance. Sarah Margaret Fuller was born in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, the first child of Timothy and Margarett Crane Fuller. Her demanding father—a lawyer and congressman—provided her with an education well beyond the standard for girls at the time. Early on, she developed disciplined habits of reading and study that allowed her to learn and grow independently throughout the rest of her life. As a young child, she learned Latin from her father, later studied Greek, German, classics of English and European literature, and philosophy. Frederic Henry Hedge, William Henry Channing, James Freeman Clarke, and others who would later be identified with Transcendentalism formed part of her early social life and helped shape the course of her thought and learning. The Fullers moved to Groton, Massachusetts, in 1833. Timothy Fuller died of cholera in 1835, making it necessary for Margaret to contribute to the support of her younger siblings. She turned to teaching, and wrote for periodical publication. In 1836, after Elizabeth Peabody’s departure from Alcott’s Temple School, Fuller took her place as Alcott’s assistant. Margaret Fuller enjoyed the intellectual respect of Emerson and his associates. She attended Emerson’s Phi Beta Kappa address in 1837 and meetings of the Transcendental Club. In 1840, she became the first editor of The Dial—a position for which she was never paid and which she passed on to Emerson in 1842—and a major contributor to it as well. Her “The Great Lawsuit: Man versus Men, Woman versus Women” appeared in the July, 1843 issue. She later expanded it into Woman in the Nineteenth Century, which sold out within a week of its publication in 1845. Fuller also published works that she had translated from the German. Emerson and others observed that Fuller’s powers of conversation surpassed her ability to write effectively. He noted in his journal on May 4, 1837, “Miss Edgeworth has not genius, nor Miss Fuller; but the one has genius-in-narrative, & the other genius-in-conversation.” Beginning in 1839, following the lead of Elizabeth Peabody, she held series of conversations at Peabody’s circulating library and bookstore on West Street in Boston, and elsewhere. Her audiences—largely although not exclusively women—included Peabody and her sister Sophia, Lidian Emerson, Elizabeth Hoar, Sarah Clarke (sister of James Freeman Clarke), Sophia Ripley (Mrs. George), Lydia Maria Child, and Ann Phillips (Mrs. Wendell). The conversations showcased her learning and her ability to stimulate others to meaningful thought and communication. At the same time, they provided income. In the summer of 1843, Fuller traveled west. She wrote about what she saw on the trip—including the shameful treatment of Native Americans—in Summer on the Lakes, in 1843 (1844). This book impressed Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, who subsequently offered Fuller the position of literary editor for his paper. Fuller worked for Greeley in New York from 1844 to 1846. Among the books she reviewed was Emerson’s Essays: Second Series (1844). In addition to book reviews, she wrote pieces on a variety of social issues. For much of her editorship, she lived with the Greeleys. In 1846, Fuller seized the opportunity to accompany textile merchant Marcus Spring and his wife Rebecca to Europe. Greeley paid her in advance to serve as foreign correspondent for the Tribune. Emerson wrote her a letter of introduction to Thomas Carlyle and joined her family and friends in saying farewell in Cambridgeport. It was the last time they would see one another. Fuller met with Harriet Martineau, Carlyle, Wordsworth, Matthew Arnold, and exiled Italian patriot Giuseppe Mazzini in England, and in Paris visited George Sand. She went on to Italy, where, living in Rome from 1847, she was caught up in the cause of Italian independence and unification. She recorded her observations on the democratic uprising and the ultimate fall of Rome to French forces fighting on behalf of the pope. In 1847, she met and fell in love with Giovanni Angelo, marchese d’Ossoli, an impoverished Italian nobleman ten years her junior. They had a son (Angelino) in 1848 and married at an undetermined point. Fuller assisted the revolutionary cause with hospital work; Ossoli served with the Civic Guard. After Rome fell, the couple and their child went to Florence. In July of 1850, the Ossolis boarded the Elizabeth, bound for New York. The voyage was disastrous. The captain died of smallpox. Angelino came down with the disease and had to be tended constantly. Finally, the ship was wrecked in a hurricane off Fire Island, New York. Fuller, her husband, and her child all drowned, and her manuscript-in-progress on the Roman revolution was lost. When he learned of Fuller’s death, Emerson sent Thoreau to New York to look for her body—in vain, it turned out—and to see if any of her papers might be salvaged. Within a few weeks of the shipwreck, William Henry Channing initiated the preparation of a biography. Written and edited by Channing, Emerson, and James Freeman Clarke, the two-volume Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli was assembled quickly and published in 1852. By all assessments an incomplete, loosely seamed piece of work incorporating heavily and sometimes misleadingly edited primary material, the Memoirs presented to the world a more acceptable, less complicated woman than the real Fuller had been. In his initial shock over Fuller’s death, Emerson mourned her in his journal: “On Friday, 19 July, Margaret dies on rocks of Fire Island Beach within sight of … the shore. To the last her country proves inhospitable to her; brave, eloquent, subtle, accomplished, devoted, constant soul! If nature availed in America to give birth to many such as she, freedom & honour & letters & art too were safe in this new world. She bound in the belt of her sympathy and friendship all whom I know and love … ” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred Winslow Hosmer Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1896 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Emerson Fuller https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/30a4525865879803c95d193faeaebbf0.jpeg 000cacf321c721d12b5e86befa6352b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Cherokees Subject The topic of the resource The Cherokees Description An account of the resource During the period from about 1820 until the Civil War, a heightened awareness of a range of social issues was expressed through a number of active reform movements. Emerson, in his 1841 lecture “Man the Reformer,” assessed the climate of the times, “In the history of the world the doctrine of Reform had never had such scope as at the present hour.” There was not only an outpouring of concerned effort on behalf of the unrepresented and underrepresented—Blacks, Native Americans, the labor force, women, children, the mentally ill—but also a trend toward the idealistic reshaping of society through communal living and through education and moral reform. Emerson found that his liberal contemporaries—including some in Concord—hoped that he would speak out on the causes they embraced. In Emerson in Concord, Edward Waldo Emerson wrote of his father’s involvement in reform: “To all meetings held in Concord for the causes of Freedom, spiritual or corporal, he felt bound to give the sanction of his presence whether the speakers were good or bad; he officially welcomed Kossuth and his Hungarian exiles; he entertained John Brown at his house and gave largely from his, at that time very limited, means, to the fund for the furtherance and arming of the Kansas “Free State” immigration.” Emerson certainly spoke out for reform, in Concord and elsewhere. However, his commitment to reform activism did not come easily. Both temperamentally and philosophically, he had difficulty aligning himself with organized reform. Naturally reserved, he was repelled by the emotionalism that characterized the rhetoric of reform meetings. Moreover, his Transcendental focus was on the intellectual and moral perfection of the individual as the best method of reforming society. Even when he believed in the principles behind a reform effort, he could not support the elevation of society over the primacy of the individual. In his “New England Reformers” (1844), he declared: “ … union must be inward, and not one of covenants, and is to be reached by a reverse of the methods [men] use. The union is only perfect, when all the uniters are isolated … Each man, if he attempts to join himself to others, is on all sides cramped and diminished of his proportion; and the stricter the union, the smaller and the more pitiful he is. But leave him alone, to recognize in every hour and place the secret soul, he will go up and down doing the works of a true member, and, to the astonishment of all, the work will be done with concert, though no man spoke … The union must be ideal in actual individualism.” For this reason, Emerson was skeptical about the benefits of joining utopian communities like Brook Farm and Fruitlands. Nevertheless, Emerson surmounted his disinclination to become involved in reform. He did, in fact, become impassioned about certain issues, foremost among them the abolition of slavery, and repeatedly rose to the occasion when asked to make a public statement. Some of his most rousing addresses were delivered in Concord, which reinforced the town’s reputation as a reform stronghold. Concordians were already sensitive to the issue of slavery by the 1830s. A number of the town’s residents belonged to the Middlesex County Antislavery Society, established in 1834. When the Concord Ladies’ Antislavery Society was formed in 1837, Lidian Emerson was one of its founding members. Others in Emerson’s family—his step-grandfather Ezra Ripley, his brother Charles, and his aunt Mary Moody Emerson—were outspoken in their condemnation of slavery. The Hoars and the Thoreaus were abolitionists, as were many others among his friends and associates. His outrage over slavery developed in an atmosphere that encouraged public expression. Emerson delivered an antislavery address in Concord in November of 1837, in response to the murder of abolitionist publisher Elijah Lovejoy in Alton, Illinois. Focusing as much on the right of free speech as on the wrong of slavery, the speech disappointed those who wanted a stronger statement from him. Between 1837 and 1844, Emerson was moved by the unfolding of events that, in their threat to the individual and to conscience, could not be ignored. By 1844, the annexation of Texas was imminent. Emerson was disgusted with the failure of government and political leaders like Daniel Webster to stop the spread of slavery. When Concord abolitionist Mary Merrick Brooks asked him to speak at the Ladies’ Antislavery Society celebration of the anniversary of emancipation in the British West Indies, he agreed. On August 1, 1844, in the Court House on Monument Square, he delivered a powerful speech that placed him among effective public supporters of abolition. The passage of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1850 further fueled Emerson’s antislavery activism. In the 1850s, he spoke at meetings around the country, opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and supported radical abolitionist John Brown. Although he had hesitated in throwing his energies into the cause, he ultimately served in Concord and beyond as the voice of social conscience. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1838 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Emerson Native Americans https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/27c4a970e4d3f68d921a4fffc13cf29a.jpeg e9a96d277eac34d142399c2722536432 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Address on the Anniversary of Emancipation in the British West Indies Subject The topic of the resource Abolition Description An account of the resource This, Emerson’s first powerful attack on slavery, was delivered at the request of radical abolitionist Mary Merrick Brooks, wife of Concord lawyer Nathan Brooks. Following initial delivery of the address, Emerson—now a recognized antislavery advocate—was asked several times to reread it at abolition gatherings. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1844 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Abolition Concord Emerson https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/d676142b33ff25bb0bb5021c787f451f.jpeg af0dc9f4c63666727c60038582497e76 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Address in Concord on the Fugitive Slave Law Subject The topic of the resource Fugitive Slave Law Description An account of the resource The addition of territory through war with Mexico (1846-1848) inflamed slavery/antislavery tensions, resulting in the Compromise of 1850, which was an attempt to delay impending national crisis. By the Compromise, California was admitted as a free state, the territories of New Mexico and Utah would decide the slavery question for themselves upon admission to the Union, the boundary between Texas and New Mexico was established, and the slave trade was abolished in Washington, D.C. The Compromise of 1850 also included the Fugitive Slave Law, which required the return of runaway slaves to their owners. Many Northerners were furious over and unwilling to obey the Fugitive Slave Law. Emerson was outraged by the Fugitive Slave Law and by early attempts to enforce it. His journal and letters after its passage were full of anger. He seethed, for example, in one entry in 1851, “And this filthy enactment was made in the 19th Century, by people who could read & write. I will not obey it, by God.” Edward Waldo Emerson wrote in Emerson in Concord of his father’s preoccupation with the detested law: “He woke in the mornings with a weight upon him … When his children told him that the subject given out for their next school composition was, The Building of a House, he said, ‘You must be sure to say that no house nowadays is perfect without having a nook where a fugitive slave can be safely hidden away.’ ” Edward recalled, too, that his father’s rage was channeled into legal research: “The national disgrace took Mr. Emerson’s mind from poetry and philosophy, and almost made him for a time a student of law and an advocate. He eagerly sought and welcomed all principles in law-books, or broad rulings of great jurists, that Right lay behind Statute to guide its application and that immoral laws are void.” On April 26, 1851, thirty-five of Emerson’s Concord townsmen signed a letter asking him publicly to present his views on the law. On May 3rd, he delivered an impassioned speech –his first of several in reaction to the Fugitive Slave Law. In the address, Emerson openly advocated breaking the law on the grounds that an immoral law carried no authority. (The year before, Henry Thoreau had offered a similar view in his “Resistance to Civil Government,” now known as “Civil Disobedience.”) The speech was well-received by the antislavery community. Although under normal circumstances not much inclined to political activism, Emerson repeated the speech a number of times in various Middlesex locations to support the campaign to elect Free Soil candidate John G. Palfrey to the United States Congress. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1851 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Abolition Emerson Fugitive Slave Law https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/bc09c4f647485274f08ac94e4cd1ac4c.jpeg 4b0a7f7ffe9ae158451911541ecca0f9 https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/7c68d274653b6b213605da09af431c27.jpeg ecdb370cc73d775caeaef2d38bdfbd69 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kossuth in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Lajos Kossuth Description An account of the resource The plight of European political refugees following failed revolutions against autocratic rule in the late 1840s engaged the sympathy of American reformers. Margaret Fuller, who witnessed first-hand and aided the revolution in Rome, was working on a book about it when she died in 1850. Elizabeth Peabody edited a collection titled Crimes of the House of Austria Against Mankind, which was published in 1850. In 1851, exiled Hungarian statesman and patriot Lajos Kossuth traveled to America in search of assistance for his homeland. In May of 1852, Concord was one of the towns he visited in New England. Kossuth came on May 7th. He dined and visited the Battle Ground and the site of the old North Bridge—icons of the struggle for American political freedom—before proceeding to the Town Hall. The children of the town had been gathered to welcome him. Emerson formally greeted and introduced Kossuth, referring to him as “the foremost soldier of freedom in this age.” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Town of Concord Committee of Arrangements Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1852 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Emerson Kossuth Refugees https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/e4658194b318ab6c0928c120b3cf52ce.jpeg 36450dbad8018026c59747c7213a50e7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Concord's Town Hall Subject The topic of the resource Concord Description An account of the resource Concord welcomed Hungarian patriot Kossuth in its Town Hall (now called the Town House), which was then a new building. Constructed in 1851/52, the Town Hall held a large meeting area for lectures, social gatherings, and entertainments, as well as the municipal offices and the Concord Town Library (the town’s first public library). Local groups and individuals paid for the use of the hall. Some of Concord’s most important 19th century reform gatherings—notably John Brown’s speeches here in 1857 and 1859—were held in this building. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1875 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Town House https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/30276d0f646bc65e72a6f4937a7905d2.jpeg 2c955f9728add6ddf2c67a55b0e772c2 https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/0caab104e5e1375601f2f9df5e1c6135.jpeg a9304c344169b03330ded835391f3b0f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Brown in Concord Subject The topic of the resource John Brown Description An account of the resource During the 1850s, Kansas was a hotbed of conflict. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 left the question of whether or not slavery would be allowed in Kansas to be decided by settlers of the territory, abrogating the Missouri Compromise of 1820. For a time, Kansas had two governments, one that permitted and one that outlawed slavery. As abolitionist and proslavery settlers clashed, lives and property were lost. In 1855, militant abolitionist John Brown went to Kansas and threw himself into keeping Kansas free by any available means, armed violence included. Emerson supported the cause of a free Kansas. He attended meetings in Concord and elsewhere to aid antislavery settlers, and spoke in Cambridge at a Kansas relief meeting in Cambridge on September 10, 1856. In 1857 and 1859, when John Brown came to Concord, Emerson welcomed him into his home. Frank Sanborn, who ran a progressive coeducational school on Sudbury Road, was deeply involved in raising money for Kansas relief and for Brown’s forces. Brown came to Concord because of Sanborn. When Brown spoke in Concord’s Town Hall in March of 1857, Emerson was impressed by his fierce commitment to his righteous cause. In May of 1859, planning an armed slave uprising, Brown returned to Concord and spoke again at the Town Hall. Five months later, he led an ill-fated raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. He was tried, found guilty, and executed on December 2nd. Thoreau, Alcott, and Emerson—all of whom had been in Brown’s audience in May—participated in the service held in Concord on the day of his execution. After Brown’s arrest, Emerson spoke at meetings to raise money for his destitute family. After his execution, both Emerson and—even more vigorously—Thoreau promoted the image of John Brown as a saint and a martyr rather than the fanatic that many felt he had been. In February of 1860, Frank Sanborn arranged to bring Anne and Sarah Brown, two of John Brown’s children, to Concord to attend his school. When they arrived here, the Brown girls stayed with the Emersons. In the February 20, 1860 letter shown here, Annie Keyes Bartlett writes her brother Edward Jarvis Bartlett (“Ned”) of their arrival at the Emerson house. Annie and Ned were two of the nine children of Dr. Josiah Bartlett, who practiced medicine in Concord for fifty-seven years. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public LIbrary Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1859 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Emerson John Brown https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/13cb923f0cd1c0367313a9bad323f90f.jpeg 8247ef990fb40d8550a1559bbe97ef42 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson on Lincoln Subject The topic of the resource Abraham Lincoln Description An account of the resource In the 1850s and 1860s, Emerson participated in the political process to the extent that his involvement forwarded the cause of abolition. Moreover, although he did not care for the hullabaloo of party politics and did not approve of making popular heroes out of politicians, he was willing to recognize the worth and importance of a politician who conducted himself morally. Emerson voted for Abraham Lincoln, but he remained for a time unsure of Lincoln’s motivations and effectiveness. The Civil War began in 1861. Like other abolitionists, Emerson felt that its true purpose was emancipation, not the preservation of the Union. He could not commit himself to supporting the war wholeheartedly until Lincoln freed the slaves. Lincoln won Emerson over completely with his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation in 1862. From this point on, Emerson—who devoted considerable thought to the subject of great men—respected Lincoln’s greatness. On October 12, 1862, he delivered an address on the Emancipation Proclamation at the Music Hall in Boston. The address was published in the Atlantic Monthly for November, 1862. Emerson also willingly participated in Union fundraising and morale-boosting efforts. Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865—a few days after the Civil War came to an end—and died the following morning. On April 19th (the anniversary of Concord’s role at the start of the Revolution), the town halted the business of ordinary life for three hours and held a funeral service for Lincoln at the First Parish. The order of services included an address by Emerson, who emphasized Lincoln’s particular fitness to the difficult role he had assumed: “This man grew according to the need. His mind mastered the problem of the day; and, as the problem grew, so did his comprehension of it. Rarely was man so fitted to the event.” In his address, Emerson also likened the power of Lincoln’s address at Gettysburg to that of speeches by John Brown and Kossuth. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 29, 1865 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Abolition Emerson Lincoln https://www.sc.concordlibrary.org/files/original/ee0016bab5bbff6ff36b511f458af15f.jpeg b05c895f4eddbfac2d15df7d7c6dce2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emerson in Concord Subject The topic of the resource Ralph Waldo Emerson Description An account of the resource Materials for the exhibit Emerson in Concord Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Concord Free Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CFPL web exhibit: Emerson in Concord Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Language A language of the resource English Middlesex Hotel A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Concord Village Subject The topic of the resource Concord Village Description An account of the resource The 1852 Walling map of Concord identifies the residents of the houses it depicts, thereby providing invaluable documentation of Concord as a community and of the neighborhoods within it. The inset shows Emerson’s home on the Cambridge Turnpike. The sections of the Walling map depicting Walden Pond and White Pond (not shown here) were based on surveys done by Henry Thoreau. The Concord Free Public Library holds Thoreau’s original manuscript surveys of both Walden and White Ponds. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource H.F. Walling Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Concord Free Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1852 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library Concord Emerson Map