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                <text>Address on the Dedication of the Concord Free Public Library</text>
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                <text>On October 1, 1873, Concord celebrated the dedication of its new public library, the gift of William Munroe (1806-1877).  A son of pencil-maker William Munroe (or Monroe), Munroe was born and raised in Concord.  He moved away as a young man, made a fortune in dry goods and textiles, and retired in 1861.  Living in Boston, he spent summers with his family in Concord, finally moving back here in 1876.&#13;
&#13;
   Never married, with no children to inherit his fortune, Munroe wanted to use his wealth to benefit the cultural and intellectual life of his hometown.  He first planned to leave a bequest to the Concord Town Library, then decided that his purposes would be better served by establishing an entirely new institution.&#13;
&#13;
   The Concord Free Public Library was incorporated on March 24, 1873.  Munroe had planned every detail of its management and operation.  The new library was to be supported by a combination of public and private funding and jointly governed by the public Town Library Committee and the private, self-perpetuating Concord Free Public Library Corporation.  The town committee would oversee staffing (a professional librarian was to be hired) and the general collection, while the private body would own and maintain the physical facilities and would receive gifts of rare books, manuscripts, works of art, and other valuable materials.  This public/private form of management continues to this day.&#13;
&#13;
   Munroe engaged Boston architects Snell and Gregerson to draw up plans.  They designed an impressive Victorian Gothic building, the core of which remains today in the library’s octagonal lobby.&#13;
&#13;
   The formal dedication ceremonies on Wednesday October 1st began in the Town Hall at 4:00 P.M., following a procession of citizens from the library.  The new building was open to visitors all day.  The ladies of the town had decorated both the Town Hall and the library with flowers and autumn leaves.  The exercises included music by the Concord Band, remarks and reports by Library Corporation and Library Committee representatives, the presentation by William Munroe to E.R. Hoar of the keys to the building, and the keynote address by Ralph Waldo Emerson.&#13;
&#13;
   Emerson served on the Library Committee for the Concord Free Public Library from 1873 until his death in 1882 and was its chairman for the final seven years of his tenure.&#13;
&#13;
   In 1873, as he prepared his speech for the library dedication, Emerson wrote in his journal about the transforming power of books and libraries: “Be a little careful about your Library.  Do you foresee what you will do with it?  Very little to be sure.  But the real question is, what it will do with you?  You will come here &amp; get books that will open your eyes, &amp; your ears, &amp; your curiosity, and turn you inside out or outside in.”&#13;
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                <text>All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library</text>
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                <text>Boston publisher James T. Fields was among the dignitaries and literati invited to join Concord for the dedication of its new library in 1873.  Fields was a partner in the Boston firm of Ticknor and Fields and, along with Emerson and Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, a member of the Saturday Club. &#13;
&#13;
   Ticknor and Fields published a number of major American authors—Emerson, Hawthorne, Thoreau, Holmes, Longfellow, Lowell, Stowe, and Whittier among them—and English authors as well.  The firm also issued the Atlantic Monthly.  James Russell Lowell was the first editor of the magazine.  Fields took over as editor in 1861, on Lowell’s resignation. &#13;
&#13;
   Fields was unable to attend the October 1st ceremonies in Concord.  He wrote to William Munroe on September 29th: “I have been confined to my room six weeks by a lame knee, and can’t be with you on Wednesday.  As I always intended to join the good day’s dedication, I feel greatly disappointed—more than I can express.  I send for the Library a gift of five autographs, which please present in my name … ”&#13;
&#13;
   The autograph manuscripts which Fields presented were pieces by various authors prepared for publication in the Atlantic Monthly: Emerson’s essay “Culture”; Thoreau’s essay “Walking”; Holmes’s poem “Dorothy Q”; Lowell’s poem “The Cathedral”; and Motley’s address before the Parker Fraternity on October 20, 1868.  In 1875, Fields added the manuscript of the first chapter of Hawthorne’s The Dolliver Romance to his dedication gift.&#13;
&#13;
   Emerson’s essay “Culture” first appeared in print in the Atlantic Monthly for September, 1860 (Myerson E154).  It was subsequently included in the collection The Conduct of Life (1860; Myerson A26).</text>
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                <text>All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library</text>
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                <text>Aware that the centennial of the Concord Fight on April 19, 1875 would draw national attention, Concord had carefully planned its grand celebration of the event.  Invitations were sent to numerous towns, to representatives of state and national government, to historical organizations, and to many individuals.  President Ulysses S. Grant, Vice President Henry Wilson, Secretary of War William Worth Belknap, Secretary of State Hamilton Fish, and Massachusetts Governor William Gaston were among the dignitaries who attended.  President Grant and his entourage arrived by train on April 17th and went by carriage to the Main Street home of Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar.&#13;
&#13;
   Monday, April 19, 1875 dawned cold and clear, later turned blustery and snowed.  As huge crowds arrived by train, it became apparent that the anticipated number of visitors had been seriously underestimated.  The formation of the parade was complicated by the sheer volume of the crowd.  Moreover, provisions were insufficient to feed the incoming people.  Despite considerable advance preparation, Concord was taken by surprise.&#13;
&#13;
   The ceremonies began with a 100-round sunrise salute from Nashawtuc Hill.  The parade proceeded to the battleground, crossing the new Victorian bridge constructed for the celebration.  John Shepard Keyes unveiled Daniel Chester French’s Minute Man statue.  The parade then continued to the meadow beyond, where the oration and dinner tents were located.  In the oration tent, two hundred dignitaries gathered on the speakers’ platform, which collapsed twice during the program.  E.R. Hoar—“President of the Day”—called the crowd to order, the Reverend Grindall Reynolds of the First Parish said a prayer, Ralph Waldo Emerson gave a short address, James Russell Lowell read a poem, and George William Curtis delivered a lengthy oration.  (As Curtis spoke, President Grant and other officials left for Lexington’s celebration.)  Invited guests then adjourned to the dinner tent. &#13;
&#13;
   Emerson had served on the Committee on General Invitations for the 1875 celebration.  He had also supported young Concord sculptor Daniel Chester French in obtaining the commission to design a statue to honor the colonial soldiers who fought on April 19, 1775.  French’s bronze Minute Man was the first of many pieces of public sculpture that he created throughout his long, successful career.  The first verse of Emerson’s “Concord Hymn” was inscribed on its base.&#13;
&#13;
   Emerson’s brief speech at the centennial celebration in 1875 was the last public address that he prepared for delivery in Concord.  The speech was printed in the New York Herald for April 19, 1875 (“Revolutionary Extra Edition”; Myerson E183) and reprinted several times.  In 1876, it appeared in Concord’s printed record of the proceedings at its celebration.&#13;
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                <text>Proceedings at the Centennial Celebration of Concord  Fight, April 19, 1875</text>
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                <text>The Concord Lyceum was formed late in 1828 and early in 1829.  Early programs consisted primarily of debates and lectures, later (post-Civil War) of musical and other entertainments.  The Lyceum met in the old Academy building, the Center schoolhouse, the vestries of the Unitarian and Congregational churches, and, finally, the Town Hall.  Programs were held in the winter season of each year and were at first free to all town residents.  Because the Lyceum in its early years had some difficulty in maintaining solvency, the system of admission by ticket was adopted in 1856. &#13;
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Dear Ellen,&#13;
Thank you for your letter asking me to participate with the Brownies in the time capsule. Your invitation means even more to me, because I too was a Brownie many years ago and now have a daughter, Jessica, in Troop 190. &#13;
&#13;
You asked me two questions: What I think is important about Concord and how I got to be State Representative. &#13;
&#13;
The most important thing about Concord is the people who live here now, lived here in the past and will live here in the future. People have given Concord its special character—the historic landmarks, the open fields and woodlands, the ideals, simplicity, and all the activities we enjoy. Many have cared very much, shared their ideas, and worked hard to keep what is best about Concord and to make our Town a better place to live. &#13;
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To become a State Representative. one must run for office. Running means asking people to help you and to vote for you. &#13;
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I met the people in our District (Concord, Carlisle and North Sudbury) by going alone or with a friend to over 3,000 doors to introduce myself, so voters could ask me questions. I also attended over 40 coffees and many more meetings, fairs, parades, and even the dump, where it was possible to meet and talk to voters. &#13;
&#13;
But it took much more than my effort to win. There were many volunteers who addressed envelopes, delivered leaflets, passed out bumper stickers and pins, talked to friends, wrote press releases and had parties to raise money for our campaign. &#13;
&#13;
My job now is to help people in our District, so if you have more questions, please let me know, or if you have any suggestions, I'd like those too. Thanks again for including my letter.&#13;
Sincerely,&#13;
Genevra R. Counihan</text>
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April 19, 1775.&#13;
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              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Concord Free Public Library</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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